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1.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 30(3): e002521, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1288711

ABSTRACT

Abstract To investigate the in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of dividivi (Caesalpinia coriaria), a traditional medicinal plant used in Central America and the northern part of South America, extracts from the foliage of this plant were subjected to the egg hatching test (EHT) and larval exsheathment inhibition test (LEIT), against Haemonchus contortus. Four different extracts were evaluated: acetone-water (AW), methanol-water (MW), acetone-water-dichloromethane (AWD) and methanol-water-dichloromethane (MWD). The concentrations used for the EHT and LEIT tests ranged from 500 to 4000 µg mL-1 and six repetitions per concentration. The effective concentrations (EC50) were calculated using Probit analysis. The EC50 for EHT were 2947.0, 3347.0, 3959.6 and 4538.7 µg mL-1 for MWD, MW, AW and AWD, respectively. The EC50 for LEIT were 2883.4, 5927.4, 9876.3 and 9955.4 µg mL-1 for AWD, AW, MWD and MW, respectively. The methanol extracts were the most effective in inhibiting the hatching of eggs, while the acetone extracts showed efficacy in inhibiting larval exsheathment. This study explains the importance that C. coriaria has as a medicinal plant in Central and South American countries.


Resumo Para investigar a eficácia anti-helmíntica de Divi-divi (Caesalpinia coriaria), uma planta medicinal tradicional usada na América Central e no norte da América do Sul. Extratos das folhas dessa planta foram utilizados em testes in vitro de inibição da eclosão de ovos (EHT) e desembainhamento larvar (LEIT) de Haemonchus contortus. Quatro diferentes extratos foram avaliados: acetona-água (AW), metanol-água (MW), acetona-água-diclorometano (AWD) e metanol-água-diclorometano (MWD). Para os testes EHT e LEIT, as concentrações utilizadas variaram de 500 a 4000 µg mL-1, em seis repetições por concentração. As concentrações efetivas (EC50) foram calculadas, usando-se a análise Probit. A EC50 para EHT foram 2947,0; 3347,0; 3959,6 e 4538,7 µg mL-1 para MWD, MW, AW e AWD, respectivamente. As EC50 para LEIT foram 2883,4; 5927,4; 9876,3 e 9955,4 µg mL-1 para AWD, AW, MWD e MW, respectivamente. Os extratos de metanol foram os mais eficazes em inibir a eclosão de ovos, enquanto os extratos de acetona mostraram-se eficazes em inibir a desembainhamento larvar. Este estudo ajuda a explicar a importância da C. coriaria como planta medicinal nos países da América Central e América do Sul.


Subject(s)
Animals , Caesalpinia , Haemonchus , Anthelmintics/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Larva
2.
Rev. Fac. Cienc. Vet ; 58(1): 24-33, jun. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-896699

ABSTRACT

Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la suplementación con semillas de Canavalia ensiformis molidas, sobre el contaje de huevos de nematodos (HPG), el contaje de ooquistes por gramo de Eimeria (OPG), el peso vivo (PV) y la prevalencia de los géneros de parásitos, se diseñó un experimento con 21 corderas West African, balanceadas por pv y carga parasitaria gastrointestinal y divididas al azar en 3 grupos homogéneos (n=7). Los animales pastoreaban 6 h/d, luego de la suplementación con uno de los tres tratamientos: T (sin semilla de canavalia), C (2,5g de semilla de canavalia/kg PV) y C+ (5g de canavalia/kg PV). Para HPG y OPG se tomaron muestras de heces en un día fijo a la semana y se utilizó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis para su análisis estadístico. Los HPG resultaron 1346,8; 1498,7 y 1801,9 para T, C, y C+, respectivamente, sin efecto de tratamiento (P=0,1762). Los contajes de ooquistes fueron 1756,5; 1822 y 1257 OPG para T, C, y C+, respectivamente, siendo menor para C+ (P=0,05). El PV resultó similar entre tratamientos (P=0,5834). El género predominante del grupo T fue Bunostomun (61%), para C Haemonchus (28%) y para C+ Cooperia (26%), (P<0,001). En conclusión, la suplementación con 5g de canavalia/kg PV controló las cargas de ooquistes, sin afectar el comportamiento productivo de los animales.


To evaluate the effect of supplementation with ground seeds of Canavalia ensiformis on nematode eggs counts (number of eggs per gram of stools or EPG), Eimeria oocysts counts per gram (OPG), body weight (BW) and prevalence of parasites genera, twenty one (21) West African lambs, balanced by initial weight and gastro-intestinal parasite load and randomly divided into three homogeneous groups (n=7), were used. The animals grazed 6 hours/day, after supplementation with one of the following three treatments: T (no canavalia); C (2.5g of canavalia/kg per BW); and C+ (5g/kg of canavalia per BW). The assay lasted 77 d. Stool samples for EPG and OPG were taken on a fixed day of the week and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for the statistical analysis. The results of the experiment show no treatment effect on EPG (1346.8; 1498.7 and 1801.9, for T, C, and C+, respectively = 0.1762). OPG were 1756.5; 1822 and 1257 for T, C, and C+, respectively, being lower for C+ (P = 0.05). BW were similar between treatments (P=0.5834). The predominant genus was Bunostomun for T group (61%), Haemonchus for animals under treatment C (28%) and Cooperia (26%) in animals subjected to treatment C+, (P<0.001). In conclusion, supplementation of the diet with ground canavalia seeds (5g/kg of BW) exerted control on parasite load without affecting productive performance.

3.
Rev. Fac. Cienc. Vet ; 57(2): 101-113, dic. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-842741

ABSTRACT

Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la suplementación con semilla molida de Canavalia ensiformis sobre la hematología y la química sanguínea, se distribuyeron al azar 21 corderas West African, balanceadas por peso y carga parasitaria gastrointestinal en tres grupos homogéneos (n=7). Los animales pastorearon 6 h/d, luego de la suplementación con uno de los tres tratamientos: T (sin canavalia), C (2,5g de canavalia/kg PV) y C+ (5g de canavalia/kg PV). Las variables sanguíneas se determinaron a través de muestreos bisemanales y se analizaron a través de un ANAVAR. Los resultados indicaron que C+ causó anemia debido a los valores menores de hematocrito (25,6%) en comparación con T (28,3%) y C (26,2%) (P=0,0003); y con valores de hemoglobina menores en C+ (8,8 g/dL), en comparación con T (9,8 g/dL) y C (9,15 g/dL) (P=0,0006). Los valores de alanina transaminasa, glucosa y colesterol, de todos los animales, se encontraron dentro de los rangos referenciales. En conclusión, la suplementación con 5 g/kg PV de semillas molidas de Canavalia ensiformis, puede provocar signos de anemia en corderas tropicales en crecimiento. En menor proporción (2,5 g/kg PV) no afecta la hematología ni la química sanguínea.


The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with Canavalia ensiformis ground seeds on hematology and blood chemistry of West African lambs. For that, a total of 21 lambs (grouped by similar weights and parasite load) were randomly divided into three homogeneous groups of seven animals each (n=7). The animals grazed 6 hours/day, after supplementation with one of the following three treatments: T (not supplemented with canavalia); C (supplemented with 2.5g canavalia/kg BW); and C+ (supplemented with canavalia 5g/kg BW). Blood variables were determined through sampling biweekly and analyzed through ANOVA. The results of the investigation showed that the C+ group caused anemia, as reflected by a lower hematocrit value (25.6%), when compared to T (28.3%) and C (26.2%); (P=0.0003). Furthermore, hemoglobin levels were also lower for C+ (8.8 g /dL), as compared to T (9.8 g /dL) and C (9.15 g / dL); (P=0.0006). Alanine transaminase, glucose and cholesterol values of all animals were within reference ranges for the species. In conclusion, supplementation with a higher amount of canavalia seeds (5g/kg BW), can cause signs of anemia in growing tropical lambs. In contrast, a lesser proportion of this substance (2.5g/Kg BW) did not affect hematology and blood chemistry.

4.
Rev. cient. (Maracaibo) ; 18(5): 556-561, sept.-oct. 2008. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-548649

ABSTRACT

Con el objetivo de realizar un análisis descriptivo de los sistemas de producción con ovinos en el municipio San Genaro de Boconoito (estado Portuguesa, Venezuela) se realizó un muestreo de las fincas con rebaños ovinos, a través de la aplicación de una encuesta que incluyó variables de orden técnico y social, constituyendo la población un total de 39 fincas. Las variables funcionales y estructurales se analizaron a través de estadística descriptiva, considerando los factores relevantes que impulsan o restringen el proceso productivo, los cuales se clasificaron en factores internos y externos. Relacionado con los factores internos se encontró que 71 por ciento de las fincas tenían menos de 10 años con el rebaño ovino, en el 84,6 por ciento de ellas se consumía la carne ovina y utilizaba mano de obra familiar. El 100 por ciento de las fincas explotaba otro rubro además del ovino, ya fuera agrícola vegetal o animal, donde el 79,5 por ciento posee otras especies de rumiantes como vacunos y caprinos. Los ovinos tienen como dieta base el pastoreo y son suplementados principalmente con sal y melaza. Presentaban además bajos índices de prolificidad (1,23) y tasa de parición (38,7 por ciento de ovejas paridas). Entre los factores externos de mayor relevancia se puede citar que el 48,7 por ciento de las fincas comercializaba la carne ovina, predominando la forma de venta en pie, sin algún criterio de selección de animales para la venta en la mayoría de estas fincas.


In order to do a descriptive analysis of the sheep production systems in the San Genaro de Boconoito Municipality (Portuguesa State, Venezuela) a sampling of farms with sheep herds was made, applying a survey which included technical and social variables, with a total of 39 farms. Structural and functional variables were evaluated using descriptive statistics, considering the relevant factors affecting the productive process (internal and external factors). Related with internal factors, 71% of the farms had lesser than 10 years with sheep herd; sheep meat were consumed in 84.6% of them, and 84.6% used familiar labour. All the farms exploited sheeps and other species or crops, and 79.5% had bovines and/or goats. Ruminants had as basal diet the forages, supplemented mainly with molasses and salt. Low indices of prolificacy (1.23) and calving rate (38.7% of calving sheep) were found. As the most important external factors, 48.7% of the farms sold the ovine meat, mainly as live animals, without criterion of selection in animals to sell, in the majority of the farms.


Subject(s)
Commerce/methods , Food Production , Foods of Animal Origin , Sheep
5.
Rev. cient. (Maracaibo) ; 17(4): 372-379, jul.-ago. 2007. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-548505

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la degradabilidad (DEMS) y digestibilidad aparente de la materia seca (DAMS) del forraje hidropónico de maíz (FHM) y su efecto sobre el consumo de materia seca (CMS) y ganancia diaria de peso (GDP) en ovinos tropicales. El estudio incluyó 3 experimentos (E1, E2 y E3); en E1 y E2 se evaluó la DEMS y DAMS, en tanto que en E3 se determinó el CMS y GDP. En el E1, se usaron bolsas de nylon en una vaca con rumen canulado consumiendo forraje ad libitum, siendo la DEMS a las 48 h de 42,2 por ciento. En el E2, se usaron cuatro machos ovinos (29,35 ± 2,37 kg. PV) durante 17 días (7 de acostumbramiento y 10 de recolección total de heces), siendo la DAMS de 55,9 ± 10,3 por ciento. En el E3, se usaron 10 ovinos machos en crecimiento (14,06 ± 1,87 kg. PV) asignados a 2 grupos (T0 y T1) de 5 animales cada uno. T0= dieta basal ad libitum + 250 g de afrechillo de trigo y T1= dieta basal ad libitum + 250 g de FHM. La GDP fue mayor en el T0 que en T1 (41,66 ± 12,68 vs. 12,16 ± 11,92 g/d; P<0,05). Asimismo, el CMS fue mayor para el T0 que para el T1 (218,35 vs. 108,95 ± 31,41 g/anim/d; P<0,05). Se concluyó que aunque la DEMS y DAMS resultaron aceptables, la respuesta animal en términos de CMS y GDP no es favorable para el FHM.


The objective of this study was to determine degradability (DEMS) and apparent digestibility of dry matter (DAMS) from hydroponic corn (FHM) as well as its effect on dry matter intake (DMI) and live weight gain (LWG) in tropical lambs. The study comprises 3 experiments (E1, E2 y E3); The E1 and E2 evaluated DEMS and DAMS, while in E3 the CMS and GDP were determined. For E1, nylon bags and a rumen cannulated cow consuming forrage ad libitum were used. In this experiment DEMS after 48 h was 42. 2%. For E2, four male ovines (29.35 ± 2.37 kg. LW of faeces). In this experiment, DAMS was 55.9 ± 10.3%. For E3, 10 growing male ovines (14.06 ± 1.87 kg. LW) allocated into 2 groups (T0 y T1) of 5 each were used. T0= basal diet ad libitum + 250 g of wheat middling. T1= basal diet ad libitum + 250 g de FHM. The LWG was greater in T0 than T1 (41.66 ± 12.68 vs. 12.16 ± 11.92 g/d; P<0.05). Likewise, DMI was greater for T0 compared to T1 (218.35 vs. 108.95 ± 31.41 g/anim/d; P<0.05). In conclusion, although DEMS and DAMS were acceptable, the animal response in terms of CMS y GDP was unfavourable to FHM.


Subject(s)
Cattle , Animals , Animal Feed/adverse effects , Weight Gain/radiation effects , Digestion , Zea mays/adverse effects , Veterinary Medicine
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